Lab Assistant Dialysis — Kerala PSC PYQ Practice with Answers
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Paper details
- Paper code: 82-2024-ol
- Format: Full previous year paper — PYQ practice with answers
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Preview questions (5)
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Question 1 Public Health
All the following are functions of kidneys except
Correct answer: C. Production of 2 microglobulin
Correct answer (Option C):\nThe kidneys perform several essential physiological functions, including the maintenance of acid-base status, regulation of fluid volume, excretion of metabolic waste products, and endocrine functions like producing erythropoietin and activating Vitamin D. However, beta-2 microglobulin is a component of MHC class I molecules synthesized by all nucleated cells; it is filtered by the glomerulus and catabolized by the kidneys rather than produced by them.\nOption C is correct.\n\nWhy others are wrong:\nOption A describes a regulatory function of the kidney through bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen excretion. Option B highlights metabolic and endocrine actions (erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production). Option D is the primary filtration role of kidneys.\n\nStudy tip:\nRemember that the kidney metabolizes or filters low molecular weight proteins like beta-2 microglobulin but does not synthesize them.
Question 2 Public Health
All the following statements are correct regarding anatomy of kidney and urinary tract except
Correct answer: D. Prostate gland is situated on the top of urinary bladder
Correct answer (Option D):\nThe prostate gland is anatomically situated inferior to (at the base of) the urinary bladder in males, encircling the proximal urethra, not on the top of the bladder. All other statements represent accurate anatomical facts.\nOption D is correct.\n\nWhy others are wrong:\nOption A is correct as kidneys are classic bean-shaped organs. Option B accurately states the anatomical route where ureters transport urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder. Option C is correct; the male urethra is significantly longer (~20 cm) compared to the female urethra (~4 cm).\n\nStudy tip:\nAnatomical orientation is frequently tested in PSC medical exams. Remember: Prostate = below bladder, Suprarenal (adrenal) glands = top of kidneys.
Question 3 Public Health
Regarding water balance all the following statements are correct except
Correct answer: A. Total body water is 40% of body weight
Correct answer (Option A):\nTotal body water (TBW) typically accounts for approximately 60% of body weight in lean adult males and about 50% in females, not 40%. Therefore, the statement stating it is 40% is incorrect.\nOption A is correct.\n\nWhy others are wrong:\nOption B is correct because sodium is the predominant extracellular (extravascular and interstitial) cation. Option C represents a modern dialytic technique where sodium profiling helps manage blood pressure and fluid removal. Option D correctly lists the typical uremic toxins and waste items cleared during a regular hemodialysis run.\n\nStudy tip:\nStandard body fluid distribution rules state: TBW = 60% of body weight, which splits into Intracellular Fluid (2/3) and Extracellular Fluid (1/3).
Question 4 Public Health
Identify the correct statement regarding AKI
Correct answer: C. Acute rise in S. creatinine of >=0.3 mg/dl observed over 48 hrs
Correct answer (Option C):\nAccording to KDIGO criteria, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is diagnosed when there is an acute rise in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours, or an increase to ≥1.5 times baseline within 7 days, or oliguria. Thus, option C is a technically accurate diagnostic guideline.\nOption C is correct.\n\nWhy others are wrong:\nOption A is incorrect because AKI develops over hours to days, and recovery can happen within days or weeks; persistent injury beyond 3 months transitions to CKD. Option B is wrong because oliguria or anuria are not mandatory for all AKI types (non-oliguric AKI exists). Option D is incorrect because anemia can occur due to hemodilution or underlying causes.\n\nStudy tip:\nMemorize KDIGO criteria parameters for serum creatinine (≥0.3 mg/dl rise in 48 hours) as it is a high-yield medical definition.
Question 5 Public Health
All the following are indicators for dialysis in chronic kidney disease except
Correct answer: B. Chronic kidney disease stage IV
Correct answer (Option B):\nChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage IV involves a severely decreased GFR (15-29 ml/min/1.73m²) but is generally managed conservatively with medications and diet, rather than being an absolute indicator for initiating dialysis. Dialysis is usually initiated at Stage V or when specific uremic complications appear.\nOption B is correct.\n\nWhy others are wrong:\nOption A, C, and D are absolute acute indications for dialysis, traditionally summarized by the mnemonic AEIOU (Acidosis, Electrolyte issues like hyperkalemia, Ingestion, Overload, Uremia manifestations such as pericarditis or encephalopathy).\n\nStudy tip:\nRemember that clinical symptoms and urgent laboratory derangements (like life-threatening hyperkalemia) guide the initiation of dialysis more directly than the numerical CKD stage alone.
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